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All orders are prepaid and delivered within 6-8 weeks

Fertile plain near (but not on) the Ligurian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of
Lucca.

Lucca was founded by the Etruscans (there are traces of a pre-existing Ligurian
settlement) and became a Roman colony in 180 BC. The rectangular grid of its
historical center preserves the Roman street plan, and the Piazza S. Michele
occupies the site of the ancient forum.

Plundered by Odoacer, Lucca appears as an important city and fortress at the time
of Narses, who besieged it for three months in 553, and under the Lombards it was
the seat of a duke who minted his own coins. It became prosperous through the silk
trade that got a start in the 11th century, to rival the silks of Byzantium. In the 10th
and 11th centuries Lucca was the capital of the feudal margravate of Tuscany, more
or less independent but owing nominal allegiance to the Holy Roman Emperor.

After the death of the famous Matilda of Tuscany, the city began to constitute itself
an independent commune, with a charter of 1160. For almost 500 years, Lucca was
an independent republic. There were many minor feudatories in the region between
southern Liguria and northern Tuscany dominated by the Malaspina; Tuscany in this
time was a part of feudal Europe. Dante’s Divine Comedy include many references to
the great feudal families who had huge jurisdictions with administrative and judicial
rights. Dante himself spent some of his exile in Lucca.

In the common central Italian pattern, internal discord afforded an opportunity in
1314 to Uguccione della Faggiuola to make himself master of Lucca, but the
Lucchesi expelled him two years afterwards, and handed over their city to the
condottiere Castruccio Castracani, under whose masterly tyranny it became for a
moment a leading state of central Italy, rival to Florence, until his death in 1328.

On 22 and 23 September 1325, in the battle of Altopascio, he defeated again
Florence's Guelphs, taking many prisoners and also for this he was nominated,
always from Louis IV the Bavarian, duke of Lucca.

Castracani's tomb is in the church of San Francesco. His biography is Machiavelli's
third famous book on political rule.


Position in Italy.Lucca was the seat of a convocation in 1408 that was intended to
end the schism in the papacy. Occupied by the troops of Louis of Bavaria, the city
was sold to a rich Genoese Gherardino Spinola, seized by John, king of Bohemia.
Pawned to the Rossi of Parma, by them it was ceded to Martino della Scala of
Verona, sold to the Florentines, surrendered to the Pisans, nominally liberated by the
emperor Charles IV. and governed by his vicar, Lucca managed, at first as a
democracy, and after 1628 as an oligarchy, to maintain its independence alongside
of Venice and Genoa, and painted the word Libertas on its banner till the French
Revolution" (Encyclopaedia Britannica 1911).


Lucca was the largest Italian city state with a republican constitution ("comune") to
remain independent over the centuries - next to Venice, of course. In 1805 Lucca
was taken over by Napoleon, who put his sister Elisa Bonaparte Baciocchi in charge
as "Queen of Etruria". After 1815 it became a Bourbon-Parma duchy, then part of
Tuscany in 1847 and finally part of the Italian State.
Young and old come out for passagiata
(evening stroll ) each evening in Lucca,
Tuscany, Italy
Distinctive Design